Request Inspection Properties

ctx.method

• Type: string
• The HTTP method verb in uppercase ('GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'PATCH', etc.).

app.use((ctx, next) => {
  console.log(`Incoming method: ${ctx.method}`);
  return next();
});

ctx.url

• Type: string
• The complete request URL, including the query string (e.g. '/search?term=volten&page=2').

ctx.path

• Type: string
• The normalized path component of the request URL without the query string (e.g. '/search').

ctx.params

• Type: Record<string, string>
• An object containing dynamic route parameters captured by the router (e.g. /users/:id or wildcards /*).

app.get("/users/:id", (ctx) => {
  const id = ctx.params.id;
  return ctx.json({ id });
});

app.get("/static/*", (ctx) => {
  const filePath = ctx.params["*"];
  return ctx.send(`Static path: ${filePath}`);
});

ctx.query

• Type: Record<string, string | string[]>
• Lazy-parsed query parameters from the request URL. Volten decodes percent-encoded characters and plus signs, and groups duplicate keys into arrays:

// GET /products?category=electronics&tag=deals&tag=sale
app.get("/products", (ctx) => {
  const category = ctx.query.category; // 'electronics'
  const tags = ctx.query.tag; // ['deals', 'sale']
  return ctx.json({ category, tags });
});

ctx.headers

• Type: Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>
• A dictionary of all incoming HTTP request headers with lowercase keys.

app.get("/headers", (ctx) => {
  const userAgent = ctx.headers["user-agent"];
  const authHeader = ctx.headers["authorization"];
  return ctx.json({ userAgent, authHeader });
});

ctx.ip

• Type: string
• The client IP address. Volten inspects proxy headers in the following priority order:
  1. X-Forwarded-For (first IP in comma-separated list)
  2. CF-Connecting-IP (Cloudflare)
  3. Direct socket address (req.socket.remoteAddress in Node.js)

app.get("/client-ip", (ctx) => {
  return ctx.json({ ip: ctx.ip });
});

ctx.host and ctx.hostname

• Type: string
• ctx.host: Host header value (including port if present, e.g. 'localhost:3000').
• ctx.hostname: Host header value without port (e.g. 'localhost'). Respects X-Forwarded-Host.

ctx.isMultipart

• Type: boolean
• Returns true if the incoming request's Content-Type header includes multipart/form-data.

ctx.runtime

• Type: 'node' | 'edge'
• Identifies whether the application is running in a Node.js environment or an Edge/Web standard worker runtime.

ctx.env and ctx.executionCtx

• Type: unknown
• In Edge environments (e.g. Cloudflare Workers), these provide access to environment bindings (KV namespaces, D1 databases, secrets) and execution context (waitUntil).

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